arXiv:2512.16111v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Learning the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data is a central problem in causal discovery, statistical signal processing, and machine learning. Under a linear Gaussian structural equation model (SEM) with equal noise…
arXiv:2605.26222v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding the relationship between generalization and privacy remains a central challenge in modern machine learning theory, particularly for deep networks trained by variants of differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD). In this work we make…
arXiv:2602.04879v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a cornerstone for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) serving as the de facto standard algorithm. Despite its ubiquity, we argue that the core ratio clipping…
arXiv:2605.26243v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on relational data, but real-world graphs are often distributed across organizations that cannot share raw data due to privacy and policy constraints. Existing federated GNN methods either ignore…
arXiv:2603.17685v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Balancing policy expressiveness with the exploration-exploitation trade-off is a core challenge in online Reinforcement Learning (RL). While Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE)-based diffusion policies can represent complex, multimodal action distributions, they suffer from two critical limitations:…
arXiv:2605.26246v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student. In language modeling, the student is trained either on tokens sampled from the teacher (hard labels) or the teacher’s full next-token…
arXiv:2605.20255v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Simulation-based testing of self-driving cars (SDCs) typically relies on scripted pedestrian models that do not capture the heterogeneity and uncertainty of real crossing behavior, limiting the realism of safety assessments, especially for jaywalking, which is…
arXiv:2506.09398v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We consider the task of predicting Hamiltonian matrices to accelerate electronic structure calculations, which plays an important role in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Motivated by the inherent relationship between the off-diagonal blocks of the…
arXiv:2605.27144v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Superpixel-based image classification has traditionally leveraged graph neural networks (GNNs) for processing irregular image representations. Recent advances in computer vision, driven by Vision Transformers (ViTs), have introduced new paradigms in self-attentional models, surpassing convolutional neural…
arXiv:2410.00357v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural scaling laws play a pivotal role in the performance of deep neural networks and have been observed in a wide range of tasks. However, a complete theoretical framework for understanding these scaling laws remains…
