arXiv:2502.14912v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present a framework for generating universal semantic embeddings of chemical elements to advance materials inference and discovery. This framework leverages ElementBERT, a domain-specific BERT-based natural language processing model trained on 1.29 million abstracts of…
arXiv:2604.26360v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) systems typically optimize scalar reward functions that assume precise and reliable evaluation of outcomes. However, real-world objectives–especially those derived from human preferences–are often uncertain, context-dependent, and internally inconsistent. This mismatch can lead…
Economists find that in metro areas with more immigration, nurses are spending more time with elderly patients.
arXiv:2604.26866v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) acquire most of their factual knowledge during the pre-training stage, through next token prediction. Subsequent stages of post-training often introduce new facts outwith the parametric knowledge, giving rise to hallucinations. While…
arXiv:2603.02259v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multi-agent systems provide mature methodologies for role decomposition, coordination, and normative governance, capabilities that remain essential as increasingly powerful autonomous decision components are embedded within agent-based systems. While learned and generative models substantially expand system…
arXiv:2604.25943v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Efficient and stable solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) is central to scientific and engineering applications, yet existing numerical solvers rely heavily on matrix based discretizations, while learning based methods require costly training and often…
arXiv:2604.24012v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Federated learning enables a population of clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without exchanging their raw data, but standard algorithms such as FedAvg suffer from slow convergence and high communication and memory costs in…
arXiv:2505.14808v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The transformer’s remarkable ability to perform in-context learning (ICL) has sparked a wide range of studies designed to understand its strengths and limitations. However, a theoretical understanding of when ICL can and cannot generalize beyond…
arXiv:2509.07523v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Detecting rare events and anomalies in large-scale signals is essential in fields such as astronomy, physical simulations, and biomedical science. In many cases, this problem naturally decomposes into identifying common local patterns and detecting deviations…
arXiv:2603.09145v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current expansion-based methods for Class Incremental Learning (CIL) effectively mitigate catastrophic forgetting by freezing old features. However, such task-specific features learned from the new task may collide with the old features. From a causal perspective,…
